Kieran’s Our City, Our Town Article, 13 June 2013

695a. Sean O Coileain, Mallow, 2012

Kieran’s Our City, Our Town Article,

 Cork Independent, 13 June 2013

Technical Memories (Part 57) – Seán’s Memories

 

I met Seán Ó Coileáin last year during initial research for the Crawford Municipal Technical Institute. He attended the institute from 1934 for three years. He was originally from Kildorrey in North Cork and moved to Cork City at the age of 15 to live with his uncles so he could further his education. In recent years, he has penned a memoir on his own memories of the city at that time, part of which is a memory of the Crawford Tech. I publish some of his memories this week.

Seán: At the age of 15 [1934], it was decided that something in the artistic line was called for, in deference to my aptitude for drawing. We called first to Sullivan’s Quay, Christian Brothers and Nora, my sister, spoke to the head brother. The upshot was that I was to report there the following week. However it did not stop there and we went on to the School of Art and talked to Hugh C Charde, the principal. After looking at some sample drawings of mine, he said that I was more a draughtsman than an artist. So we proceeded to the Crawford Technical Institute and spoke with the principal John F King. There was no draughtsman course as such, but mechanical drawing would be part of any course. There were three main specialised courses – electrical engineering, motor engineering and building, three year courses and a one year continuation course, which was a kind of introductory course to the three specialised ones. So it was agreed that I would sign for the continuation course. There was an entrance exam, which if passed, by-passed the introductory course, gave a free scholarship into one of the specialised courses. One could save the £1 course fee. It was decided that I should enter for this exam, without any expectation of passing it. The exam took place on 3 September and consisted of Irish, English, arithmetic and freehand drawing.

In the Irish part one question one was to write an essay on “The life of a loaf of bread”, which we had done some time before in Scart NS, which was a big help. The drawing question was to draw a bucket. Next day Nora, my sister, delivered me down to the Tech as I didn’t know the way – over the next three years I got to know every inch of it – up Pouladuff Road, down Evergreen Street, along the Bandon Road, down Pickett’s Lane to Gillabbey, down Bishop Street to Sharman Crawford Street and so to the Tech. I went in the front door to the entrance hall and joined a queue for the principal’s office where on eventual arrival, I faced Mr King across the table. He asked me for my name and informed me that I had a free studentship. I accepted the motor engineering course first but then changed to electrical engineering. The standard in motor engineering was so low that not enough qualified to proceed to second year and a few of the students were transferred to first year electrical at the end of first year.

On Monday 10 December 1934, when I reported at the tech for the start of the course, I found that the whole school was gone to mass at SS Peter’s and Paul’s Church, so I decided I’d better follow. I had not a notion where the church was, and asked directions from someone and repeated the query at every turn and eventually arrived in time to meet the congregation coming out. On returning after lunch, I was directed to an Irish class in a lecture room on the first floor. I wondered what Irish had to do with electricity. Miss Lucey Duggan, a sister of Archdeacon Duggan, and later Professor of Education at UCC was the teacher.  When I gave my name, she noted my exam had gone well and remarked on my ability in the Irish language. The next class was woodwork and again I wondered when we’d be introduced to electricity. We signed on in pairs and you more or less remained paired with your co-signee for the term. One lad W H Barafather, seemed to a very decent kind of fellow, so I signed with him. I remember three clever lads from Cobh, Jim Hennessy, Bill Damery and Mill Buckley. I remember John Lee and Edward Davis, John O’Grady. John Kelleher, Jim Hill, Less than half of the 18 in the class graduated to second year and only three of us in the class managed to graduate to third year. It was a tough course.

At physical training, we used to mingle with the motor engineering class. I can only remember two of them, one with the surname Long and the other a big 6’ guy named Capithorne. I used to enjoy the physical training, twice a week, 5pm to 5.30pm, which was mainly swinging on the parallel bars and I became very agile. It used to be carried on in the yard, the high wall of which cut us off from the Protestant Bishop’s garden.  A few times when the lads were kicking football in the yard, the ball went over the wall and some of the boys went over after it- a procedure the gardener took umbrage at. The physical training instructor was T O’Sullivan who had a gold pocket watch, which chimed on the hour.

To be continued…

 

Caption:

695a. Seán Ó Coileáin, Mallow, 2012 (picture: Kieran McCarthy)

Kieran’s Question and Motions and to the City Manager, Cork City Council Meeting, 10 June 2013

 

Question to the City Manager:

To ask why there has been no physical public consultation sessions in Ballintemple and Blackrock re: The Marina Park plan?; previous large scale projects have always been brought into communities, which are effected and presentations made and displays presented (Cllr Kieran McCarthy)

 

Motions:

 

That a commemorative plaque be placed at the site of the former Wesley Chapel on St Patrick’s Street. The Methodist congregation of Cork held their services here for almost two hundred years, from 1805 to 1986. The Heritage Council website notes that “Methodism flourished in Cork during the 18th century and formed an important feature of religious life in the expanding city”. Like many other churches in Cork, Wesley Chapel helped define the cityscape we still see today (Cllr Kieran McCarthy).

 

That the swings and slides in Fitzgerald’s Park attain maintenance, such as re-greasing all mechanisms (grease is gone gritty), eliminating rust and touching up with paint, power-washing, and repairs, in particular in the big merry-go round as it is derailed thus feels really heavy to push and the single plastic swing as it is missing the traps i.e. health & safety concern (Cllr Kieran McCarthy).

McCarthy’s Walking Tours, June 2013

 

Kieran McCarthy’s summer walking tours of Cork City centre will take place during the month of June, on Tuesday evenings (11th, 18th, 25th), and Friday evening, 14th. The tours begin at the National Monument on the Grand Parade, at 7pm on those evenings and explore the City Centre’s early development on a swamp. The tour costs e.10 per person and children under 12 are free. No booking is required, just turn up on the evening. Further information, if needed, can be attained from Kieran at 0876553389.

 

On Saturday, 22 June, the Friends of St Finbarr’s Hospital will be holding its annual garden party from 1.30 to 4.30 pm. As part of a whole series of events planned, Cllr Kieran McCarthy invites the general public to take part in a historical walking tour of St. Finbarre’s Hospital at 12noon.  (meet at gate; the event is free as part of Cllr McCarthy’s community work). The workhouse, which opened in December 1841, was an isolated place – built beyond the toll house and toll gates, which gave entry to the city and which stood just below the end of the wall of St. Finbarr’s Hospital in the vicinity of the junction of the Douglas and Ballinlough Roads. The Douglas Road workhouse was also one of the first of over 130 workhouses to be designed by the Poor Law Commissioners’ architect George Wilkinson.

 

To mark the day of the actual fiftieth anniversary of John F Kennedy receiving the freedom of the city and taking off by helicopter from what is now Kennedy Park, Cllr Kieran McCarthy’s tour of Cork Docklands will take place on Friday, 28 June leaving at 7pm from Kennedy Park, Victoria Road (free, 1 1/2 hours).  Some of the themes covered in the talk will be John F Kennedy’s visit to Cork and the development of the areas surrounding Albert Road and the Docklands itself.

McCarthy’s History in Action, 9 June 2013, 2-5pm

McCarthy’s History in Action in association with Ballinlough’s Our Lady of Lourdes National School summer fair will take place at the school on Sunday 9 June 2013 between 2pm and 5pm. The re-enactment event, supported by Cllr Kieran McCarthy, brings history alive for all the family, with the participation of re-enactment groups, storytellers and more.

Cllr McCarthy noted: “The vision for the afternoon is one of encouraging community participation.  Join re-enactors to honour the past, where there is much to learn, as one helps build the future; I am encouraging people to actively engage with life around them, as well as examine the history that brought us here. I believe that growth and transformation in society is affected positively by respecting our heritage in this way”.

Kieran’s Our City, Our Town, 6 June 2013

694a. Bishop Lucey Park in recent sunshine, June 2013

Kieran’s Our City, Our Town Article,

Cork Independent, 6 June 2013

Kieran’s City Walking Tours, June 2013

 

 

This year I bring the summer walking tours of Cork City centre back during the month of June, on Tuesday evenings (11th, 18th, 25th), and Friday evening, 14th. The tours begin at the National Monument on the Grand Parade, at 7pm on those evenings and explore the City Centre’s early development on a swamp. The tour costs e.10 per person and children under 12 are free. No booking is required, just turn up on the evening. Further information if needed can be attained from me at 0876553389.

 

The tour is based on my publication Discover Cork, which was published ten years ago as a guide to the city’s history. In this book I outline the city’s development and it opens with eminent Cork writer Daniel Corkery’s account of the city in his The Threshold of Quiet (1917) which highlights well the physical landscape of Cork City:

“Leaving us, the summer visitor says in his good humoured way that Cork is quite a busy place…as hundrum a collection of odds and ends as ever went by the name of city – are flung higgledy piggledy together into a narrow double-streamed, many bridged river valley, jostled and jostling, so compacted that the mass throws up a froth and flurry that confuses the stray visitor…for him this is Cork”.

 

One of the distinct questions that arises out of his narrative relates to the query, who could have built such a landscape. It was a combination of native and outside influences, primarily people that shaped its changing townscape and society since its origins as a settlement. The city possesses a unique character derived from a combination of its plan, topography, built fabric and its location. Indeed, it is also a city that is unique among other cities, it is the only one which has experienced all phases of Irish urban development, from circa 600 A.D. to the present day.

 

The settlement began as a monastic centre in the seventh century, overlooking a series of marshy islands on which the present day city centre grew and flourished; it was transformed into a Viking port and the advent of the Anglo-Normans led to the creation of a prosperous walled town; it grew through the influx of English colonists during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and suffered the political problems inherent in Irish Society at that time; it was altered significantly again through Georgian and Victorian times when reclamation of its marshes became a priority along with the construction of spacious streets and grand town houses; its docks, warehouses exhibit the impact of the industrial revolution; and in the last one hundred years, Corkonians have witnessed both the growth of extensive suburbs and the rejuvenation of the inner city.

 

Perhaps, the most important influence in the city’s development is the River Lee, an element which has witnessed the city grow from monastic Cork through the Celtic Tiger City of the twenty-first century. Originally, the city centre was a series of marshy islands, which the Irish for the city, “Corcaigh” translated marshes reflects. The river splits into two channels just west of the city centre, and hence flows around the city centre, leaving it in an island situation. The urban centre was built on the lowest crossing point of the River Lee, where the river meets the sea. Built on the surrounding valleysides of the River Lee, the city’s suburbs are constructs of the twentieth century where a spiralling population dictated Cork’s expansion beyond its municipal boundaries.

Spliced with the city’s physical development is the story of its people and their contribution in making Cork a city whose history is rich and colourful. The characters are astute, confident, and are often rebellious, a distinctive trait of Corkonians through the ages and are remembered in Cork songs, statues, street-names and oral tradition. Corkonians make Cork unique. Their characteristics have been noted through the centuries, from visitors to antiquarian writers. All agree that its people are warm and very sociable. Joking is an essential characteristic of Corkonians. As one antiquarian, Byran Cody in 1859 put it, conversational power is the test of intellectual culture in Cork. A Corkonian is a good talker and the conversation is usually seasoned with spicy anecdotes and pleasant bits of scandal.

 

A walk through St Patrick Street or affectionately known as ‘Pana’ will reveal the warmth of its people, the rich accent, the hustle and bustle of a great city. As Robert Gibbings, poet and writer put it in 1944, “Cork is the loveliest city in the world, anyone who doesn’t agree with me either was not born there or is prejudiced. The streets are wide, the quays are clean, the bridges are noble and people that you have never met in your life stop you in the street for a conversation”. Not only can each person tell you a story about Cork but its streets, buildings and bridges also do. They echo the rich historic and cultural development of the acclaimed southern capital of Ireland.

 

Back to technical education each week…

 

 

Caption:

 

694a. Bishop Lucey Park in recent sunshine (picture: Kieran McCarthy)

 

 

 

 

 

Final, McCarthy’s Community Talent Competition 2013

Thanks to everyone who recently supported McCarthy’s Community Talent Competition 2013. Forty audition acts came to the Lifetime Lab to audition. My thanks to Yvonne Coughlan or RSVP for producing the projects. The finalists and winners are listed below. They recently performed at the Firkin Crane.

Primary School Finalists:

 

Beat That (Roisin Fahey, Benushila Tripathi)

Roisin Mulcahy

Amy Clarke

Anabel Hedman

Raw (Alexaner Bevkh & Raymond Felano, *3rd

Katie Flynn

Daniel Cremin

Zoe Olden

Lyrical (Mia Dorney, Kaitlin O’Regan, Ciara Coughlan, Faye Mullane) *Winner

Tamara Lawlor O’Driscoll, * 2nd Remix (Kaci White, Amy Fitzgerald, Anna & Tara Cosgrove)

Beat That (Roisín Fahey, Benushila Tripathi)

Roisín Mulcahy

Remix (Kaci White, Amy Fitzgerald, Anna & Tara Cosgrove)

 Secondary School Finalists:

Cian Mullane
Shauna Nolan *Winner
Mayowa Arikawe *2nd (joint 2nd)
Jordan Morrison * 2nd (joint 2nd)
Máirín Rua Ní Aodha
Fiona O Donovan
Billy O Dwyer
Emma Hayes Sarah Cremin and Emma Field
Erin O Regan

Sarah Cremin and Emma Field

Erin O Regan

Dynamite (Jay Dondolo and Caitlin Creamer) *3rd

Remix (Kaci White, Amy Fitzgerald, Anna & Tara Cosgrove)

 

winner, primary category, McCarthy's Community Talent Competition 2013

winner, Secondary school category, McCarthy's Community Talent Competition 2013

Kieran’s Our City, Our Town, 30 May 2013

693a. Aerial view of Cork's southern suburbs in 1945

Kieran’s Our City, Our Town Article,

Cork Independent, 30 May 2013

Technical Memories (Part 56) – Air Raids and Housing

 

Following on from last week, the city’s preparations for World War II make interesting reading in the Cork Examiner. At a meeting of Cork Corporation on Tuesday evening, 24 October 1939, a report by City Manager, Philip Monahan, was presented to the councillors on possible air raid precautions. These carried an estimated cost of £107,490.

A proposed scheme of precautions divided the city naturally into four sections-(1) medical, (2) engineering, (3) fire prevention and (4) civilian training. Medical precautions involved the securing of additional hospital accommodation and the establishment of first-aid posts and first aid depots. The former were to be for the treatment of casualties and the latter for the housing of first-aid services, such as ambulances and first-aid parties. Engineering precautions involved the establishment of posts for the repair of damaged roads and the creation of posts to decontaminate gas-infested areas. Fire prevention entailed the establishment of additional fire brigade stations and the recruitment of auxiliary firemen. Civilian training involved the establishment of an air warden and messenger service. Air wardens were to patrol small districts under district and area wardens. Their duties were to assist residents in their districts in all air-raid precaution work, such as darkening windows and fitting gas marks.

In the report it was proposed that medical precautions should be under the Corporation’s Medical Officer of Health, engineering precautions under the City Engineer, fire precautions under the Chief Officer of the Fire Brigade and civilian training under the Housing Superintendent, and all being responsible to the City Manager. The Minister of Defence had divided the city into three areas- one south of the North Channel of the Lee, the remainder of the city being divided into two areas by a line running through St Patrick’s Bridge – areas to the north west and north east of St Patrick’s Hill respectively. In each of these areas a depot for each of the four branches of air-raid precaution work was proposed. For the north-west area the depots were to be on MacCurtain Street and between Dillon’s Cross and St Luke’s, while for the South side, the Corporation Yard, Anglesea Street, and the Municipal Baths, Eglingon Street, were to be used.

The different Corporation officers gave an estimate of the cost of their proposals, in total £107,490. The Minister of Defence accepted responsibility for the provision of fire fighting equipment over and above the normal requirements of the city and to pay seven-tenths of cost of other approved expenditure on air-raid precautions. No specific instructions were received as to the construction of air-raid shelters. The estimate included provision of air-raid shelters for 30,000 households in different parts of the city and cost was based on the assumption that steel and timber was not readily available.

The observations by the councillors were multiple but zoned in on the point that the Corporation should not be charged at the full price for the lighting by the ESB as the lighting would be turned off due to curfews. The entire scheme was referred internally again to committees. I’m uncertain as to how much of the above scheme was adopted as I have not managed to trace the outcomes in the media of the time.

There was also an observation by one councillor that if the Corporation were going to spend over £100,000 for putting people safely underground, they should get money as well to house people safely over ground. Corporation housing construction continued apace in the late 1930s with vast slum clearance projects and new Corporation housing schemes being developed in Spangle Hill and Greenmount. Local Studies in the City Library have a great set of aerial photos of the city from 1945 which show the layout of the city and also newly built housing in its suburbs. In one, one can see the Crawford Municipal Technical Institute and just to the north, the Corporation housing scheme of Greenmount.

In the Cork Examiner on 28 October 1937, plans were published for a social housing scheme in Greenmount comprising two hundred and seventy houses occupying thirteen acres of land situated between Green Street, Barrack Street, Tower Street and Friar’s Walk. The area was in the ownership of the Presentation Brothers Order. The Brothers afforded the Corporation the opportunity to acquire the land. Pre to development the land was used as pasture, though there were some 30 farm buildings and old cottages on parts of it. They were cleared as part of the scheme. The new houses were to be of the usual type of Corporation dwelling, complete with bathroom and hot and cold water, and in addition a large size garden front and rear. In addition to two main thoroughfares, there was to be eight cul-de-sac entrances twelve feet wide to the different blocks of houses, ending in a circular turning which was to enable motor cars, horse-drawn carts and other vehicles to turn. The scheme represented the first big scheme, similar to the Gurranabraher and Spangle Hill development, undertaken on the southern side of the city by the Corporation, and was to allow them to proceed with necessary slum clearance nearby.

To be continued…

 

Caption:

693a. Aerial view of Cork’s southern suburbs in 1945, showing Crawford Municipal Technical Institute in the fore left and the new developed houses at Greenmount in the centre (picture: Cork City Library).

Kieran’s Question and Motions and to the City Manager, Cork City Council Meeting, 27 May 2013

 

Question to the Manager:

To ask the manager the cost of employing Colliers International to create a city centre strategy? (Cllr Kieran McCarthy)

 

Motions:

To name the two new flyovers in the south west of the city after Cork’s literacy icons, Frank O’Connor and Seán Ó Faoláin; both have no piece of city infrastructure named after them (Cllr Kieran McCarthy)

To get a report on the Creative Cork initiative from TEAM (Cllr Kieran McCarthy)

 

Kieran’s Our City, Our Town, 23 May 2013

 

 692a. Air Raid Precautions Poster, World War II

 

Kieran’s Our City, Our Town Article,

Cork Independent,  23 May 2013

Technical Memories (Part 55) – War Breaks Out

 

Choosing the first week of September 1939 to give a cross-section of insights into the early state of vocational education in Cork (as outlined last week) means one cannot also avoid the myriad of column inches devoted to the outbreak of World War II. On 3 September 1939, as a consequence of Germany invading Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany. World War II had begun, which despite Ireland’s neutrality, witnessed enormous amount of refugees settling in Ireland fleeing Great Britain and a limit put on the import of materials and food.

The beginning of “The Emergency” can be seen in the Cork Examiner. Many cross-channel boats brought Irish emigrants home and British refugees to Cork, especially children. The evacuation of children and mothers from London began early Friday morning on 1 September 1939. In the poorer quarters of the city, children were lined up in readiness to be taken away into the country as early as five and six o’clock. They were taken to the various London stations and entrained for the destinations, while parents shouted messages of farewell. The ages of the children ranged from three to thirteen years. Each carried a gas-mark, a packet of food, a change of clothing and was identified by three labels.

The Cork Examiner on 4 September 1939 noted that the previous afternoon a cross-channel boat arrived nearly four hours late and berthed in Cork. The boat was crowded by those fleeing London with a total of 850 passengers.“The scene when the passengers were disembarking was both confused and pathetic. Children were very much in evidence, but babies were even more numerous. Quite a large number of the women who came ashore had babies in their arms, and some could not have been more than a few weeks old…there were tears in the eyes of many too, as they returned to the home-land, where they presume they are safe from raiding aeroplanes”.

Outside the arrivals shed, the quay was a solid mass of people. Some came out of curiosity but many were there to await the arrival of their loved ones. Tears were again shed as old friends welcomed home their grown-up children, and gazed for the first time upon their grandchildren. Of the huge numbers on board, by far the greater number seemed to be travelling third-class. As the motor-vessel drew up the quay there was hardly an inch of standing room around the stern and other spaces utilised by passengers aft.

The reason for the ship being so late was that the trains on the other side were all running well behind time, due to troop movements and evacuation. Three trains were to bring passengers for the ship, but she sailed before the third train had arrived. One of the passengers from the boat told an “Examiner” reporter that there were several hundred left behind as there was no accommodation for them. Precautions had been taken to prevent any lights showing; portholes were painted over and all curtains drawn. The London stations were also practically in darkness, the only illumination being from dark blue lamps, which were insufficient to read by. A gentleman who travelled to Dublin from Liverpool expressed to the “Examiner” representative that there was a great rush for accommodation on the boat. Armed military assisted in controlling the crowds.

The discontinuation of public lighting in the Cork City and elsewhere was to continue at the request of the government. The Cork Examiner on 2 September 1939 advertised that proprietors of electrical and other lighting display signs, as well as those whose shop windows were normally illuminated by night were respectfully requested to discontinue all such lighting displays one half hour before sunset each evening until further notice. Those that were partially lit were also cowled even further.

At a special meeting of Cork Corporation on 4 September 1939, air raid precautions were the topic of debate by councillors and city manager Philip Monahan. One of the main stances adopted at the meeting was in the form of “now it’s your turn” to the citizens at large. The Cork Examiner in a follow-up editorial argued the importance of the role of citizen participation; “Admittedly, war seems far removed from us at the moment. Any day, however, news of the bombing of cities and town about an hour’s journey from Britain may come”. An appeal was made to the public to give some of its spare time to the modern craft of saving life in the event of attack from the air. Medical and first-aid workers were wanted; wardens were needed, and the rank and file, of Air Raid Precautions, who were to be the control of wardens, were required; The Cork Examiner commented;“The application of a few hours each week to the study of certain types of wounds, certain types of bombs and certain types of grisly situations may not be exactly a past time. That is what ARP requires, however, and particularly, the younger men of our city will be asked in the near future to give their time to such tasks”.

To be continued…

Caption:

692a. Air raid precautions poster, World War II (picture: Cork City Library)